High-level expression, functional reconstitution, and quaternary structure of a prokaryotic ClC-type chloride channel. Pores formed by single subunits in mixed dimers of different CLC chloride channels. Homodimeric architecture of a ClC-type chloride ion channel. Two physically distinct pores in the dimeric ClC-0 chloride channel. Primary structure of Torpedo marmorata chloride channel isolated by expression cloning in Xenopus oocytes. Dimeric structure of single chloride channels from Torpedo electroplax. Open-state substructure of single chloride channels from Torpedo electroplax. A voltage-gated anion channel from the electric organ of Torpedo californica. Multimeric structure of ClC-1 chloride channel revealed by mutations in dominant myotonia congenita (Thomsen). Steinmeyer, K., Lorenz, C., Pusch, M., Koch, M. Ion permeation and selectivity in ClC-type chloride channels. A decade of CLC chloride channels: structure, mechanism, and many unsettled questions. Chemistry of ion coordination and hydration revealed by a K + channel–Fab complex at 2.0 Å resolution. The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K + conduction and selectivity. These findings provide a structural basis for further understanding the function of ClC Cl - channels, and establish the physical and chemical basis of their anion selectivity.ĭoyle, D. This antiparallel architecture defines a selectivity filter in which a Cl - ion is stabilized by electrostatic interactions with α-helix dipoles and by chemical coordination with nitrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups. Individual subunits are composed of two roughly repeated halves that span the membrane with opposite orientations. Both structures reveal two identical pores, each pore being formed by a separate subunit contained within a homodimeric membrane protein. Here we present the X-ray structures of two prokaryotic ClC Cl - channels from Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Escherichia coli at 3.0 and 3.5 Å, respectively. Genetic defects in ClC Cl - channels underlie several familial muscle and kidney diseases. The ClC chloride channels catalyse the selective flow of Cl - ions across cell membranes, thereby regulating electrical excitation in skeletal muscle and the flow of salt and water across epithelial barriers.
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